Questions about this topic? Sign up to ask in the talk tab.
Difference between revisions of "Category:Web exploitation"
From NetSec
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | '''Web exploitation''' is the attacking and taking advantage of a [[vulnerability]] in a computer system through a [[web applications|web application]]. There are numerous ways to exploit [[vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] so only some of the basics will be covered here. The topics and tools covered in this series can be dangerous enough to compromise an [[HTTP]] server's [[database]], code, or allow a remote shell. | + | '''Web exploitation''' is the attacking and taking advantage of a [[vulnerability]] in a computer system through a [[web applications|web application]]. There are numerous ways to [[exploitaton|exploit]] [[vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] so only some of the basics will be covered here. The topics and tools covered in this series can be dangerous enough to compromise an [[HTTP]] server's ''[[database]]'', ''source code'', or ''allow a remote [[operating system]] level shell''. |
| − | Many web sites run [[web applications]] for the purpose | + | Many web sites run [[web applications]] for the purpose of '''dynamic content'''. Usually this would include an [[SQL]] [[database]] backend of some sort, and a [[web applications|web application]] (like forums, talkboards, content management systems, and blogs) to interface with the [[SQL]] [[database]]. Therefore the affected [[programming language]]s are anything that can be used as an interface over [[HTTP]] to dynamic content, but are usually one of many [[interpreted languages]]. |
| − | When testing a domain for security problems, it is different than penetration testing a network, and different than assessing the vulnerability of a server. However, compromising one of these layers may result in the other proximal layers being compromised in the future. [[Web application]] vulnerabilities are currently the amongst the most prominent vulnerabilities exploited by [[cybercriminals]]. | + | When testing a domain for [[security]] problems, it is different than penetration testing a network, and different than assessing the vulnerability of a server. However, compromising one of these layers may result in the other proximal layers being compromised in the future. [[Web application]] vulnerabilities are currently the amongst the most prominent vulnerabilities exploited by [[cybercriminals]]. |
| − | + | ||
<font size="-2">Special thanks to [[User:hatter|hatter]] for his contributions to this article.</font> | <font size="-2">Special thanks to [[User:hatter|hatter]] for his contributions to this article.</font> | ||
| Line 11: | Line 10: | ||
*[[PHP]] | *[[PHP]] | ||
*[[Perl]] | *[[Perl]] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*[[Ruby]] | *[[Ruby]] | ||
*[[Python]] | *[[Python]] | ||
| + | *[[CFM]] | ||
| + | *[[ASP]] | ||
| + | |||
*Any [[CGI]] interfaced language may also be vulnerable to web exploitation. | *Any [[CGI]] interfaced language may also be vulnerable to web exploitation. | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
*XSS can be used to [[Cookies|capture logins and sessions]] or a page redirect if a user clicks a malicious link. | *XSS can be used to [[Cookies|capture logins and sessions]] or a page redirect if a user clicks a malicious link. | ||
'''[[SQL Injection]]''' | '''[[SQL Injection]]''' | ||
| − | *[[SQL]] injection can be used to copy, modify, or delete the affected application's [[database]], and in some cases create a remote shell on the affected system, and sometimes [[SQL Backdoors|can allow an attacker to backdoor a web application]]. [[Blind SQL injection]] can be used to retrieve data without the data ever appearing in band. | + | *[[SQL]] injection can be used to copy, modify, or delete the affected application's [[database]], and in some cases create a remote shell on the affected system, and sometimes [[SQL Backdoors|can allow an attacker to backdoor a web application]]. [[Blind SQL injection]] can be used to [[Mysqli-blindutils|retrieve data without the data ever appearing in band]]. |
'''[[File Inclusion|File Inclusion]]''' | '''[[File Inclusion|File Inclusion]]''' | ||
*File inclusion vulnerabilities can be [[Lfi_autopwn.pl|exploited to create a remote shell]], which can lead to [[database]] manipulation and file tampering. | *File inclusion vulnerabilities can be [[Lfi_autopwn.pl|exploited to create a remote shell]], which can lead to [[database]] manipulation and file tampering. | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
*CSRF allows an attacker to perform actions as any unsuspecting [[user]] that clicks a link or loads a page on a separate domain from the affected site; a user's vulnerability is limited to the time spent while logged into the affected site. | *CSRF allows an attacker to perform actions as any unsuspecting [[user]] that clicks a link or loads a page on a separate domain from the affected site; a user's vulnerability is limited to the time spent while logged into the affected site. | ||
'''[[XSCF|Cross Site Content Forgery]]''' | '''[[XSCF|Cross Site Content Forgery]]''' | ||
| − | *XSCF Sends different data to different hosts. This way, if a piece of malware is able to recognize the source machine as something analyzing it, the malware can return something innocent, while unsuspecting users are directed to something of the attacker's choosing. This could range from a prank to a web browser drive-by exploit, similar to [[XSS]] | + | *XSCF Sends different data to different hosts. This way, if a piece of malware is able to recognize the source machine as something analyzing it, the malware can return something innocent, while unsuspecting users are directed to something of the attacker's choosing. This could range from a prank to a [[Bleeding Life|web browser drive-by exploit]], similar to [[XSS]] |
'''[[XSRF]]'''([[XSS]] mixed with [[CSRF]]) | '''[[XSRF]]'''([[XSS]] mixed with [[CSRF]]) | ||
*XSRF is using XSS to produce a same-domain URL that will perform actions as the logged in user via a [[CSRF]] attack. | *XSRF is using XSS to produce a same-domain URL that will perform actions as the logged in user via a [[CSRF]] attack. | ||
'''[[RoR_Patching#Params_Injection_.26_Mass_Assignment_Abuse|Mass Assignment Abuse]] | '''[[RoR_Patching#Params_Injection_.26_Mass_Assignment_Abuse|Mass Assignment Abuse]] | ||
| − | *Mass assignment abuse can allow an attacker to directly overwrite [[database]] values without having to write any [[SQL]] queries and without the use of [[SQL injection]]. | + | *[[Mass assignment]] abuse can allow an attacker to directly overwrite [[database]] values without having to write any [[SQL]] queries and without the use of [[SQL injection]]. |
== Attack Vectors == | == Attack Vectors == | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
===Third party=== | ===Third party=== | ||
| + | *[http://portswigger.net/burp/ BurpSuite] | ||
*[http://cirt.net/nikto2 Nikto] | *[http://cirt.net/nikto2 Nikto] | ||
*[http://www.sensepost.com/labs/tools/pentest/wikto Wikto] | *[http://www.sensepost.com/labs/tools/pentest/wikto Wikto] | ||
*[http://www.0x90.org/releases/absinthe/ Absinthe] | *[http://www.0x90.org/releases/absinthe/ Absinthe] | ||
| − | |||
*[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_WebScarab_Project Webscarab] | *[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_WebScarab_Project Webscarab] | ||
Revision as of 15:06, 13 May 2013
Web exploitation is the attacking and taking advantage of a vulnerability in a computer system through a web application. There are numerous ways to exploit vulnerabilities so only some of the basics will be covered here. The topics and tools covered in this series can be dangerous enough to compromise an HTTP server's database, source code, or allow a remote operating system level shell.
Many web sites run web applications for the purpose of dynamic content. Usually this would include an SQL database backend of some sort, and a web application (like forums, talkboards, content management systems, and blogs) to interface with the SQL database. Therefore the affected programming languages are anything that can be used as an interface over HTTP to dynamic content, but are usually one of many interpreted languages.
When testing a domain for security problems, it is different than penetration testing a network, and different than assessing the vulnerability of a server. However, compromising one of these layers may result in the other proximal layers being compromised in the future. Web application vulnerabilities are currently the amongst the most prominent vulnerabilities exploited by cybercriminals.
Special thanks to hatter for his contributions to this article.
Contents
Affected Languages
- Any CGI interfaced language may also be vulnerable to web exploitation.
Types of Exploitation
- Vanguard can be used to test for many of these vulnerabilities.
- XSS can be used to capture logins and sessions or a page redirect if a user clicks a malicious link.
- SQL injection can be used to copy, modify, or delete the affected application's database, and in some cases create a remote shell on the affected system, and sometimes can allow an attacker to backdoor a web application. Blind SQL injection can be used to retrieve data without the data ever appearing in band.
- File inclusion vulnerabilities can be exploited to create a remote shell, which can lead to database manipulation and file tampering.
- Command injection effectively hands a remote shell to an attacker by arbitrary bash, MS-DOS, or native command-line execution.
- CSRF allows an attacker to perform actions as any unsuspecting user that clicks a link or loads a page on a separate domain from the affected site; a user's vulnerability is limited to the time spent while logged into the affected site.
- XSCF Sends different data to different hosts. This way, if a piece of malware is able to recognize the source machine as something analyzing it, the malware can return something innocent, while unsuspecting users are directed to something of the attacker's choosing. This could range from a prank to a web browser drive-by exploit, similar to XSS
- XSRF is using XSS to produce a same-domain URL that will perform actions as the logged in user via a CSRF attack.
- Mass assignment abuse can allow an attacker to directly overwrite database values without having to write any SQL queries and without the use of SQL injection.
Attack Vectors
- HTTP GET request parameters (Variables in the URL)
Rewritten or "clean" URL's can have GET parameters too! HTTP HEAD requests can also exploit poor input sanitizing in these parameters.
- HTTP POST request parameters (Fields and fieldsets in web forms)
You can send post parameters to a URL that has GET parameters!
- HTTP Header parameters (Variables passed by header information)
This includes cookies, user agents, connection type, and more
Fingerprinting
|
Kolkata is a useful tool for fingerprinting web applications. |
Because web vulnerability identification sometimes requires that you identify the backbone of a particular web configuration, fingerprinting is commonly used as a medium to gain information about commonly used platforms in an attempt to identify them through common fingerprints.
These might include things such as common headers, footers, comments in code- or simply the existence of a very particular page. Fingerprinting is a key aspect in determining vulnerabilities in specific software packages, and might also be used in conjunction with a search engine in order to get large lists of vulnerable hosts through searching for a single commonality.
Web Exploitation Tools
In House
- Kolkata - Web application static file analysis based fingerprinting engine with yml based configuration
- Vanguard - Web application vulnerability testing and exploitation framework
- Lfi_autopwn.pl - A file inclusion based exploit utility to emulate a remote shell
- mysqli-blindutils - A series of scripts and proofs of concepts for blind SQL injection
- GScrape - Google dork testing engine
Third party
Pages in category "Web exploitation"
The following 100 pages are in this category, out of 100 total.
B
C
- Cause of sql injection
- Coldfusion admin subvert outgoing firewall
- Coldfusion admin to command execution
- Coldfusion administrator authentication bypass
- Coldfusion cfexecute sandbox bypass
- Coldfusion datasource password decryption
- Coldfusion remote authentication credentials disclosure
- Command Injection
- Command injection exploit
- Command injection on unix
- Command injection vulnerability
- Command injection with perl
- Configuring vanguard modules
- Content forgery
- Cookie attacks
- CSRF
G
M
P
S
- SQL injection
- Sql injection byte extraction
- Sql injection cheat sheets
- Sql injection filter evading version fingerprint
- Sql injection information schema
- Sql injection precomputation
- Sql injection script
- Sql injection test cheat sheet
- Sql injection time based byte extraction
- Sql injection timing attack with boolean enumeration
- Sql injection with regular expressions
- Sql injection without commas
- Sql injection without quotes
- Sql injection without tags
- Sql injection without whitespace
- SQL injection/Blind/Comparative precomputation
- SQL injection/mysqli-blindutils
- SQL injection/mysqli-blindutils/sqli-p.pl
- Sqli
- Steal cookies
- Stealing cookies through xss
