Unsafe command processing

   Unsafe command processing
       Using user input as arguments for a system call should never be done.  The system() and exec() functions are mostly universal between languages along with the backtick (`) characters for command substitution.  In some languages, the $() operator for command substitution is also valid.
     Proof of concept:   
       >>> os.system("echo %s" % input("# "))
      # unsafe; ping -c1 google.com
      PING google.com (74.125.224.168) 56(84) bytes of data.
      64 bytes from lax02s01-in-f8.1e100.net (74.125.224.168): icmp_req=1 ttl=51 time=13.1 ms
      
    Mitigation:
      Instead of using system, backticks, popen, exec or any other command executing function, use the language's native built in library.  If it does not have one, then write one - but do not simply wrap system() and call this a library; this is bad form.  All interpreted languages have a way to load shared libraries (*.so files) and interface with the functions provided by their export tables.  These are what should be utilized when authoring libraries that seemingly need you to run a command.  Instead, the C interface (CTypes) can be used.  
      
      Ctypes Examples:
      * Python:
         >>> from ctypes import *; cdll.LoadLibrary("libc.so.6").printf(c_char_p("abcdefgh\n")); # import printf() from libc.so.6
         'abcdefgh'
         
      * Perl:
      
      * PHP:
      
      * Ruby:
      
    Auditing:  
      Auditing command processing is simple: check for all uses of system(), exec(), backticks, popen, and any language specific function.
      
        find -type f -regextype posix-awk -regex ".*\.(rb|php|py|pl|pm)"  -exec grep -EHnC2 "system\(\|[pP]open\(\|\`\|exec.*\(\|passthru\(" '{}' \; &>  command_processing.txt