Difference between revisions of "MySQL"
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=== Installing MySQL === | === Installing MySQL === | ||
− | MySQL is widely supported on | + | MySQL is widely supported on Windows, Linux and Mac. To download MySQL for linux, simply point yourself at your favourite package manager and download it, or visit the [http://www.mysql.com website] and download it. For Windows, a GUI is available, along with a commandline option if you wish to follow the instructions in this guide verbatim. |
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== Setup on a personal computer == | == Setup on a personal computer == |
Revision as of 11:24, 20 October 2011
Contents
MySQL Setup
In order to run MySQL you will need a MySQL server to work with - you can establish a server on one of your own computers, or use a webserver with MySQL installed.
Installing MySQL
MySQL is widely supported on Windows, Linux and Mac. To download MySQL for linux, simply point yourself at your favourite package manager and download it, or visit the website and download it. For Windows, a GUI is available, along with a commandline option if you wish to follow the instructions in this guide verbatim.
Setup on a personal computer
Once MySQL is installed on your computer and the MySQL daemon is running (in Arch, /etc/rc.d/mysqld start), the next step is to establish users. If you defined a root MySQL password on setup, you can use this to establish a new user; otherwise, just hit enter at any password prompts you encounter.
In order to set up your MySQL databases, you'll first need to log into MySQL - at this point the only MySQL user will be your root user, so log in with:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> mysql -p -u root </syntaxhighlight> |
This will log you into MySQl as root after a password prompt. At this point, you can establish your other users with the SQL CREATE USER query. For example, if you wanted to create a user, "K_Mitnick":
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> CREATE USER K_Mitnick; </syntaxhighlight> |
Note the terminating semicolon - this indicates to MySQl that you wish to send your input as a query. Another method of doing this is by terminating your queries with '\g' - there is no difference between the two, it is simply a matter of personal preference.
This user will be created with absolutely no privileges: they can log into your server but do little else.
Setting Permissions
In order to allow your users to execute queries and interact with your databases, you must indicate to the server just what they are allowed to do. The most simple form of this is
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> GRANT ALL ON <database name> TO <username> IDENTIFIED BY '<password>'; </syntaxhighlight> |
This kind of heavy handed allowance gives the user total freedom to execute any SQL query that they wish. IT SHOULD NEVER be given to the normal user, as this will create a serious vulnerability in your database. |
A more reasonable form of this would be
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> GRANT SELECT ON <database name> TO <username> IDENTIFIED BY '<password>'; </syntaxhighlight> |
This only gives access to the SELECT query for the user, which essentially makes their access read-only. The GRANT query can be used with any SQL query as a parameter in order to grant a user the ability to use that query.
After you have changed permissions, it is a good idea to ensure that MySQL is up-to-date with user permissions with
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; </syntaxhighlight> |
You can now log on as a user other than root.
Basic Database Operation
Display
From the main MySQL prompt you see when you first log in, you usually are not logged into a particular database. In order to see all of the databases in your server, type:
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> SHOW DATABASES; </syntaxhighlight> |
This will display all of the databases on a server.
There are two ways to reference a table. One is by using the format <database name>.
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> USE <database>; </syntaxhighlight> |
From this point onwards, you can simply refer to a table by name. Whichever method of reference you choose, the syntax to display the tables in a database is simple:
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> SHOW TABLES; </syntaxhighlight> |
Creating and Deleting Databases and Tables
In order to create a new table, we use the CREATE query. The syntax for this query is
<syntaxhighlight lang="SQL"> CREATE TABLEFor example, if we were to create a table called 'user' containing usernames and hashed passwords, we might want it to have 3 sections - first of all, a number to reference the rows by, secondly a plaintext username, and finally, a hashed password. In order to generate the ID, we would use the special PRIMARY KEY feature of SQL - each table should have a primary key, which automatically updates itself for each entry and is used to refer to elements in a table. The username and password hash would be VARCHARs, which is an SQL datatype that can hold up to 65,535 characters per row. So for this table, our declaration would be as follows:
There are a great many SQL datatypes to be used to format the contents of a column. For a full list of datatypes, check The MySQL Website. To delete a table, simply use the DROP TABLE
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