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Difference between revisions of "RoR Patching"

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=RoR Patching=
 
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{{cleanup}}
 
 
==Vulnerabilities==
 
==Vulnerabilities==
  
 
[[XSS]], [[SQL injection]], [[session hijacking]], and [[data tampering]], standard [[web applications|web-application]] [[vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] afflict [[Ruby on Rails]].  One more less commonly known or used [[vulnerability]] is called Mass Assignment Abuse.
 
[[XSS]], [[SQL injection]], [[session hijacking]], and [[data tampering]], standard [[web applications|web-application]] [[vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] afflict [[Ruby on Rails]].  One more less commonly known or used [[vulnerability]] is called Mass Assignment Abuse.
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== XSS ==
 
== XSS ==
−
 
  
 
Standard [[XSS]] is possible.  [[session hijacking]] via [[cookies]] is possible.  Be sure to [[sanitize]] your [[database]] [[Input|inputs]] as well as your [[cookies]] for [[XSS]].
 
Standard [[XSS]] is possible.  [[session hijacking]] via [[cookies]] is possible.  Be sure to [[sanitize]] your [[database]] [[Input|inputs]] as well as your [[cookies]] for [[XSS]].
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[[vulnerability|vulnerable]] code :
 
[[vulnerability|vulnerable]] code :
  
−
  <syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
   <%= comment.content %>
 
   <%= comment.content %>
 
   <%= sanitize(comment.content) %>   
 
   <%= sanitize(comment.content) %>   
−
  </syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
 +
}}
  
 
[[patched]] code :
 
[[patched]] code :
  
−
 
+
{{code
−
 
+
|text=
−
  <syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
<source lang="ruby">
 
   <%= h(comment.content) %>  
 
   <%= h(comment.content) %>  
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  </syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
−
 
+
}}
  
 
on [[output]] OR
 
on [[output]] OR
  
−
 
+
{{code
−
  <syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
   [[CGI]]::escapeHTML(user_input)  
 
   [[CGI]]::escapeHTML(user_input)  
−
  </syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
−
 
+
}}
  
 
on [[input]].
 
on [[input]].
  
 
The code below :
 
The code below :
−
  <syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
   <%= comment.content %>
 
   <%= comment.content %>
 
   <%= sanitize(comment.content) %>   
 
   <%= sanitize(comment.content) %>   
−
  </syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
 +
}}
  
 
Is [[vulnerability|vulnerable]] because it only strips [[HTML]] tags.  It does not save your program from [[XSS#XSS_Exploitation|javascript injection]].  The h() function does.
 
Is [[vulnerability|vulnerable]] because it only strips [[HTML]] tags.  It does not save your program from [[XSS#XSS_Exploitation|javascript injection]].  The h() function does.
  
 
== Params Injection & Mass Assignment Abuse ==
 
== Params Injection & Mass Assignment Abuse ==
−
 
  
 
Params can't be trusted, [[SQL injection]] may take place still, but is rare in [[Ruby on Rails]].  It can be [[Fuzzing|fuzzed]] for just like any other [[SQL injection]] [[vulnerability]].   
 
Params can't be trusted, [[SQL injection]] may take place still, but is rare in [[Ruby on Rails]].  It can be [[Fuzzing|fuzzed]] for just like any other [[SQL injection]] [[vulnerability]].   
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example hash manipulation :
 
example hash manipulation :
  
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  curl -d "user[name]=hacker&user[admin]=1" server:port/users
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="bash">
 +
$ curl -d "user[name]=hacker&user[admin]=1" server:port/users
 +
</source>
 +
}}
  
 
[[vulnerability|vulnerable]] code :  
 
[[vulnerability|vulnerable]] code :  
  
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
@user=User.new(params[:user])
 
@user=User.new(params[:user])
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</syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
−
 
+
}}
  
 
[[patched]] code :
 
[[patched]] code :
  
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<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
attr_protected :admin
 
attr_protected :admin
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</syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
−
 
+
}}
−
 
+
  
 
Best [[patch]] :
 
Best [[patch]] :
  
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<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
attr_accessible :user
 
attr_accessible :user
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
−
 
+
}}
−
 
+
  
 
More [[vulnerability|vulnerable]] code:
 
More [[vulnerability|vulnerable]] code:
  
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
has_many :comments
 
has_many :comments
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
 +
}}
  
 +
use curl to repossess comments or posts.  example :
  
−
 
+
{{code
−
use curl to repossess comments or posts.  example :
+
|text=
−
curl -d "user[name]=hacker&user[admin]=1&user[comment_ids][]=1&user[comment_ids][]=2" server:port/users
+
<source lang="bash">
 +
$ curl -d "user[name]=hacker&user[admin]=1&user[comment_ids][]=1&user[comment_ids][]=2" server:port/users
 +
</source>
 +
}}
  
 
best fix is white-listed [[input]].  To make it so that only the user[name] param is read by  
 
best fix is white-listed [[input]].  To make it so that only the user[name] param is read by  
 
ActiveRecord, change :
 
ActiveRecord, change :
  
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
attr_protected :admin  
 
attr_protected :admin  
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
−
 
+
}}
−
 
+
  
 
To:
 
To:
  
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<syntaxhighlight lang="ruby">
+
{{code
 +
|text=
 +
<source lang="ruby">
 
attr_accessible :name
 
attr_accessible :name
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</syntaxhighlight>
+
</source>
−
 
+
}}
−
 
+
  
 
This will make it so that only the name attribute matters to activerecord when params is passed to  
 
This will make it so that only the name attribute matters to activerecord when params is passed to  
 
the sql query.  Now, activerecord will not pay attention to any other values set inside of the  
 
the sql query.  Now, activerecord will not pay attention to any other values set inside of the  
−
params[] hash.
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params[ ] hash.
−
 
+
  
 
{{exploitation}}
 
{{exploitation}}
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{{social}}
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{{countermeasures}}
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+
−
[[Category:Patching]]
+
−
[[Category:Web exploitation]]
+

Latest revision as of 18:25, 27 June 2016

Vulnerabilities

XSS, SQL injection, session hijacking, and data tampering, standard web-application vulnerabilities afflict Ruby on Rails. One more less commonly known or used vulnerability is called Mass Assignment Abuse.

XSS

Standard XSS is possible. session hijacking via cookies is possible. Be sure to sanitize your database inputs as well as your cookies for XSS.

vulnerable code : 

 
  <%= comment.content %>
  <%= sanitize(comment.content) %>  
 

patched code : 

 
  <%= h(comment.content) %> 
 

on output OR 

 
  [[CGI]]::escapeHTML(user_input) 
 

on input.

The code below : 

 
  <%= comment.content %>
  <%= sanitize(comment.content) %>  
 

Is vulnerable because it only strips HTML tags. It does not save your program from javascript injection. The h() function does.

Params Injection & Mass Assignment Abuse

Params can't be trusted, SQL injection may take place still, but is rare in Ruby on Rails. It can be fuzzed for just like any other SQL injection vulnerability.

params injection : curl can be used for posting and can specify params. example hash manipulation : 

 
$ curl -d "user[name]=hacker&user[admin]=1" server:port/users
 

vulnerable code : 

 
@user=User.new(params[:user])
 

patched code : 

 
attr_protected :admin
 

Best patch : 

 
attr_accessible :user
 

More vulnerable code: 

 
has_many :comments
 

use curl to repossess comments or posts. example : 

 
$ curl -d "user[name]=hacker&user[admin]=1&user[comment_ids][]=1&user[comment_ids][]=2" server:port/users
 

best fix is white-listed input. To make it so that only the user[name] param is read by ActiveRecord, change : 

 
attr_protected :admin 
 

To: 

 
attr_accessible :name
 

This will make it so that only the name attribute matters to activerecord when params is passed to the sql query. Now, activerecord will not pay attention to any other values set inside of the params[ ] hash.

RoR Patching is part of a series on exploitation.

<center>

RoR Patching is part of a series on countermeasures.
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